RHYTHM
AND BLUES
Rhythm
and blues is a name for black popular music tradition. When speaking
strictly of "rhythm 'n' blues", the term may refer to black
pop-music from 1940s to 1960s that was not jazz nor blues but something
more lightweight. The term "R&B" often refers to any
contemporary black pop music. A notable subgenre of rhythm 'n' blues
was doo-wop, which put emphasis on polyphonic singing. In the early
1960s rhythm 'n' blues took influences from gospel and rock and roll
and thus soul music was born. In the late 1960s, funk music started
to evolve out of soul; by the 1970s funk had become its own subgenre
that stressed complex, "funky" rhythm patterns and monotonistic
compositions based on a riff or two. In the early to mid 1970s, hip
hop music (also known as "rap") grew out of funk and reggae. Funk and soul music evolved into contemporary R&B
(no longer an acronym) in the 1980s.
ROCK
Rock,
in its broadest sense, can refer to almost all popular music recorded
since the early 1950s. Its earliest form, rock and roll, arose from
multiple genres in the late 1940s, most importantly jump blues. It
was first popularized by performers like Bill Haley, Dan and the Huberettes,
and Elvis Presley, who fused the sound with country music, resulting
in rockabilly. In addition, gospel music and a related genre, R&B
(rhythm and blues), emerged later in the decade. R&B soon became
one of the most popular genres, with girl groups, garage rock and
surf rock most popular in the US, while harder, more blues-oriented
musicians became popular in the UK, which soon developed into British
blues, merseybeat, mod and skiffle.
COUNTRY
MUSIC
Country
music is usually used to refer to honky tonk today. Emerging in the
1930s in the United States, honky tonk country was strongly influenced
by the blues, as well as jug bands (which cannot be properly called
honky tonk). In the 1950s, country achieved great mainstream success
by adding elements of rock and roll; this was called rockabilly. In
addition, Western swing added influences from Swing and bluegrass
emerged as a largely underground phenomenon. Later in the decade,
the Nashville sound, a highly polished form of country music, became
very popular.
PUNK
MUSIC
Punk
is a subgenre of rock music (see below). The term "punk music"
can only rarely be applied without any controversy. Perhaps the only
bands always considered "punk" are the first wave of punk
bands, such as the Clash and the Ramones. Before this, however, a
series of underground musicians helped define the music throughout
the 1970s -- see Forerunners of punk music.
After
1978, following the collapse of The Sex Pistols, punk could go no
further. However, the space that had been created in popular taste
and in the distribution system facilitated a number of successors.
HIP
HOP / RAP
Hip
hop music (also commonly referred to as "rap") can be seen
as a subgenre of R&B tradition. Hip hop began in inner
cities in the US in the 1970s. The earliest recordings, from the late-1970s
and early 1980s, are now referred to as old school hip hop. In the
later part of the decade, regional styles developed. East Coast hip
hop, based out of New York City, was by far the most popular as hip
hop began to break into the mainstream. West Coast hip hop, based
out of Los Angeles, was by far less popular until 1992, when Dr. Dre's
The Chronic revolutionized the West Coast sound, using slow, stoned,
lazy beats in what came to be called G Funk. Soon after, a host of
other regional styles became popular, most notably Southern rap, based
out of Atlanta and New Orleans, primarily. Atlanta-based performers
like OutKast and Goodie Mob soon developed their own distinct sound,
which came to be known as Dirty South. As hip hop became more popular
in the mid-1990s, alternative hip hop gained in popularity among critics
and long-time fans of the music.
POP
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